| Douglas Haig, the
commander in chief of the British forces in France
and Flanders from late 1915 until eventual victory,
continues to be a controversial figure. You only have
to read the frequent, passionate, debates about him
on our own discussion forum to see this. I am sure
that most readers will be aware of the battle lines
of the argument and counter-argument about his conduct
of the war.
There has been plenty published about
Haig, some of it (I am thinking of David Lloyd George,
Denis Winter and John Laffin in particular), being
scathing of both the man and the way he directed
the armies. Other than works published quite soon
after the war or Haig's death in 1928, there was
little by way of defence against this tide. John
Terraine's 1963 "Douglas Haig - the educated soldier"
stood alone for a considerable time
until recent years in which there has been a flurry
of revisionist work considering Haig in a more positive,
rounded and research-based context. Most notable
of this was the publication in 2005 of Haig's own
diaries from the war period, edited by John Bourne
and Gary Sheffield.
A factor that is often forgotten or wilfully ignored
in the Haig debate is that he was seen as a most
accomplished soldier by his contemporaries. He had
a long military career before the Great War, much
of which seems to be little understood today, including
what was seen by the public as outstanding performance
in the Sudan and South Africa. Perhaps only his fellow
professional soldiers would appreciate his impact
upon military organisation, training and operations.
Without Haig, Britain would certainly not have been
as prepared for war as it was to become by August
1914. The publication of Haig's own voluminous diaries
and correspondence from the pre-war period is most
welcome and helps fill many gaps. The editor, Douglas
Scott, is Haig's grandson.
I have read a lot about Haig but found many new
insights from this book, not only about his military
thinking and his relationship with generals and "frocks",
but of the man himself. In particular, it is known
that he always took pains to keep himself fit and
is sometimes seen as something of a hypochondriac.
What I had not realised is that he had
the misfortune of ill health when young and the effects
of it run as a thread throughout his life up to 1914.
He also contracted malaria from which he suffered
at frequent intervals. The story of Haig's near Victoria
Cross for rescuing a wounded man at Atbara in
the Sudan was also new to me.
There is little doubt that he was able to "think
big". He began to form opinions about the conduct
of operations, the performance of individual generals
and the need for better military organisation and
professionalism from an early stage. We see for
example that he is critical of Kitchener's conduct
at Omdurman, when Haig himself was relatively junior
and involved in the fighting. Haig also takes a dim
view of the staffing arrangements and tactics in
South Africa. He understood "all arms" fighting
and had a good appreciation of logistics - key to
the Great War, and not at all in line with the commonly
held view about cavalry officers. Yet for all the
large-scale thought there are also snippets that
reveal a human sensitivity - for example, Haig being
aware that the men were suffering from poor handling
and wet, cold weather during exercises in England
in the years before the war. He took steps to
ensure they got into tents and were issued with rum.
The speedy nature of his romance and marriage are
also interesting in a man so known for detail and
deliberation. We also get one fascinating account
of this man, who could write so clearly and well,
confusing and eventually putting an audience asleep
when he drifted off script at one talk that he had
to give: his apparent difficulty with verbal communication
- so often a cause celebre for his critics - would
appear to be confirmed and is indeed an enduring
curiosity.
Overall, I found this work of great interest and
a good, absorbing read. I am impressed at how Douglas
Scott has remained objective in the commentary that
provides a framework into which Haig's own words
are woven. A very positive feature is the numerous
short biographies that he has produced of the military,
political and family figures that are mentioned.
That in itself makes this book an addition to my
bookshelf that I shall greatly value. This glimpse
into the "preparatory prologue" that developed Haig
into a central figure of
the 1914-1918 period is priceless and I commend it
to you.
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