The
2nd
Battalion, the King's Own (Yorkshire Light
Infantry)
This
summary of the battalion's day-to-day history covers a two day period
when the Battalion attacked the enemy north east of Passchendaele.
Outside the officially recognised period of the Third Battle of Ypres,
this action illustrates very well that the struggle for command of
Passchendaele Ridge was continuing.
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Events
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1 December |
The Battalion was billeted in Irish Farm throughout the day.
The battalion was ordered to take part in an attack on the enemy's
trenches to the north east of Passchendaele in the direction
of Westroosebeke with the object of driving the enemy from the
ridge. The objectives of the Battalion are as specified in Operation
Order Number 22, a copy of which it was attached to the war diary
for November 1917.
The
Battalion paraded at Irish Farm at 6.55pm on
the 1st December 1917
to proceed to the line. The battalion had three hot meals
during the day and a final hot meal at 5.45pm. The order of march
would be D, C, A, B Companies and Battalion Headquarters, at
Platoon intervals of 100 yards. The leading platoon of D Company
past the starting point, road junction C.21.c.3.3 at 7.10pm and
proceeded to the line via at Buffs Road - road junction C.23.a.5.3
- Number 6 Track and Peter Pan Switch to Bellevue – Meetcheele – Mosselmarkt
- pillboxes at road junction V.30.c.45.15 -Venture Farm - Assembly
position, a distance of about eight kilometres altogether. The
Battalion was led by the Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Colonel
L. Lamotte, and paused at Kansas Cross for a halt of 10 minutes.
The commanding officer personally guided the battalion to the "jumping
off" tape and saw each section of the Battalion into
its correct position and after synchronising the watches of every
officer, gave to each the correct angle of advance and made certain
that it was perfectly understood by the Platoon and Section commanders.
The march between Bellevue and Mosselmarkt was rendered difficult
owing to the congestion, but energetic measures prevailed, and
plenty of time was allowed for the assembly, and every man was
in his proper position by 1.20am, or 35 minutes before Zero.
The Commanding Officer reported this fact to Brigade Headquarters
accordingly.
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2 December |
Zero was at 1.55am, and promptly at this hour the battalion advanced
from the tape. The subsequent action of the battalion is best
described in narrative form by Companies. The description has
been those given by the surviving officers and non-commissioned
officers. The essence of the attack was the element of surprise.
The night was very bright and moonlight and there is no doubt
that all movement could be seen at a short distance. As soon
as the battalion advanced to the assault it came under very
heavy machine-gun fire, owing to which the casualties, particularly
among the officers and NCOs were very heavy. Enfilade fire
was very heavy from the direction of venison Trench, Teale
Cott and Volt Farm. The battalions on our flanks lost direction
and, crossing our front, caused much confusion.
Description
by A Company's commander.
This
company was on the right of the Battalion and left the tape
in good order at zero. Second Lieutenant
H. L. Brigham was
wounded half an hour before Zero. He was the right platoon
commander and detailed the keeping touch with the 2nd Battalion
Rifle Brigade on
our right. Sergeant Davies then took command
of his platoon; before A Company moved off they noticed
the troops on our right
were on the move seven minutes before Zero. The company at
first, under the impression that these were hostile troops,
nearly fired
on them but discovered that they were the 2nd Battalion Rifle
Brigade advancing in northerly direction across our front.
The commander of A Company (Second Lieutenant H. J.
Knight)
endeavoured
to redirect these troops but the officer he saw became a casualty
almost immediately. This caused confusion amongst A Company.
The Rifle Brigade crossed the Passchendaele – Westroosebeke
road at V.30.b.30.05. The enemy opened fire less than a minute
after Zero; this fire appeared to come from Teale Cott, Venison
Trench and Void Farm. Second Lieutenant C. P. Halliday MC,
Second Lieutenant J.V. Webb (who joined the Battalion late
on and night
of November 30th) and the Company Sergeant-Major became casualties
during the first five minutes. The company progressed in spite
of this until our artillery barrage came down, causing the
men to hold up. At this time it is believed the 2nd Rifle Brigade
lost heavily. No. 1 Platoon, which had been told off to capture
Teale Cott, had lost its platoon commander and platoon sergeant
and was reduced to 7 men. Sergeant Pannett from No. 3 Platoon
was detailed to do this work; only the company commander and
one NCO remained to lead the Company. The enemy artillery fire
was very dispersed and not in the nature of a barrage. A Company’s
commander found his men closing to the right and he then tried
to reorganise his men as best he could in spite of the fact
that he had been severely shaken by a shell burst and was grazed
above
the eye by a bullet. The men at this point dig in in groups
with the 2nd Rifle Brigade and remained in this position until
relieved
by the 8th Rifle Brigade on the night of 2nd/3rd December.
Their posts were situated on the east side of the Passchendaele – Westroosebeke
road and were kept under heavy machine-gun fire from Venison
Trench. The Company commander states that his failure to reach
his objective was entirely due to his been mixed up with 2nd
Battalion Rifle Brigade and the fact that he had lost all his
officers and NCOs in the early stage of the advance. Owing
to the troops on his right meeting before zero, the element
of surprise
was frustrated. He afterwards withdrew on relief. Throughout
the action no report was received from this Company. C Company, centre Company. Description by Sergeant Hayward. C
Company left the tape in perfect order. After going some 50
yards they came under a heavy machine gun fire
and all the officers
and senior NCOs became casualties. The fire appeared to come
directly from our front and flanks. In spite of this they pushed
on. Sergeant Hayward was then in command of the Company and
reports that he went a distance of 500 yards(?). At one point
he crossed
the Passchendaele – Westroosebeke road and found some derelict
field guns and shelters, the occupants of which were killed.
He then found himself in front of a line of trees, which were
held by the enemy in force. At dawn he could see no one near
him and only having seven men with him he withdrew the party
to the left rear and dug in. During the day he got in touch with
the 2nd Battalion Rifle Brigade and an officer came over and
saw him. He was afterwards informed that he was to be relieved
at night and his posts were afterwards taken over by the 8th
Battalion Rifle Brigade and he withdrew his men the to Irish
Farm. Note: it is extremely difficult to give the exact position
to which this NCO reached and dug himself in; I am of the opinion
that he crossed the Passchendaele – Westroosebeke road
and dug in between Venison Trench and Teale Cott. D Company, No3, or Left, Company. Recounted by Sergeant Horne.
D
Company left the tape in perfect order and immediately came
under heavy machine-gun fire. He lost 12 men before going 20
yards. He was in touch with the 16th Highland
Light Infantry on his left, the right Company of which advanced across his
front and the two companies became mixed up. He went forward
with his
few men until he reached two pillboxes. At this time he had
three men of his platoon left, one being a Lewis Gunner,
and he sent
one man back for support but the man became a casualty. At
this time he saw his company commander Captain H.
R. Ford MC
some distance off, when a Very Light went up and illuminated
the surroundings.
He was unable to reach him and never saw him again; this was
some 250 yards in front of the line of tape. After this he
got in touch with number 13 Platoon, commanded by Second Lieutenant
J. N. Ellis, and they made an attempt to take
the pillboxes but
were unable to find an entrance. Here, Second Lieutenant Ellis
and his platoon sergeant were killed. With the assistance of
some men of the 16th Highland Light Infantry he worked round
the pillboxes and, after going about 80 yards, he dug in. They
had only half completed the work of consolidation when the
enemy counter-attacked in force and he was driven out, taking
several
more casualties. He withdrew his party to a trench in rear
where he found 3 officers and 20 other ranks of the Highland
Light Infantry and remained with them until he had orders
at night to withdraw to Irish farm at 5.30am on
3rd December, 1917. B Company, No.4 or Support Company. Recounted by the company
commander, Captain J. Hassell. The company started off the tape in correct order. Immediately
the enemy illuminated the ground and opened heavy machine-gun
fire which did not impede his progress or caused many casualties
to his Company, as it appeared to go overhead. He reached Hill
52 with No.5 Platoon, the other three Platoons being in front
in positions from which the enemy had been driven out. The Sappers
[Royal Engineers troops] who accompanied him immediately got
to work and taped and sited the strong point and he set No.5
Platoon to dig. Whilst this was in progress, casualties of other
companies are reported to him and he set them up to dig in. This
trench was sited close to an old enemy trench, where he temporarily
set up his company headquarters. Second Lieutenant Corcoran here
joined him with the remains of his platoon, reporting that he
had got to the objective, two pillboxes, and had been driven
back by a superior numbers. The company commander placed the
casualties of other companies under Second Lieutenant Corcoran and ordered him to again advance and take the two pillboxes.
In the meantime consolidation was taking place at V.30.a.5.7.
The Royal Engineer officer was wounded during the advance but
the work was carried on by his men. At
this time a counter attack on a large scale appeared to
develop
to his front with the result that troops of the Yorkshire Light
Infantry, Highland Light Infantry and Border
Regiment passed
through his line of consolidation, carrying his own men with
them. He was unable to arrest the retirement until the “jumping
off” tape line was reached. He here reorganised the men
and discovered they consisted of every Battalion of the Brigade,
with the exception of the 17th Highland Light
Infantry. He attempted
to get them to advance again but, failing in this, he distributed
the men along a line and consolidated from V.30.a.2.6 to V.30.a.6.6.
This line he held until daybreak. At about 8am he collected all
the men of the Yorkshire Light Infantry in the area. In the meantime
C Company of the Highland Light Infantry was collected by Captain
Alexander, who moved his party to the right toward Teale Cott.
Captain Hassell organised the men of the Battalion into three
posts of 10 in each under one Sergeant. Two of these parties
included a Lewis Gun and formed an advanced line of posts from
V.30.a.1.7 to V.30.a.5.6, being in touch with Teale Cott, occupied
by the 16th Highland Light Infantry on his right. At 3.30pm on
the 2nd, the enemy counter-attacked and drove his advanced posts
back to the original position, approximately the assembly tape.
During the interim between the first retirement and the eventual
withdrawal he took command between a Vocation Farm and Teale
Cott assisted by two sections of the Machine Gun Company. At
about 10.30am on the 2nd, he received instructions to recapture
Hill 52 with the assistance of one Company of the 16th Northumberland
Fusiliers. This company failed to materialise, but he advanced
his line by the process of dribbling some 200 yards. Two German
machine-guns were captured.
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The following officers took part in this action:
Battn.
Headquarters: Lt-Colonel L. Lamotte, Capt & Adjutant
H.S. Howard, 2/Lt K.J. Box (Intelligence Officer) and 2/Lt
J.F. Evans (Signalling Officer).
A Company: 2/Lt H.J. Knight (Commanding), 2/Lts H.L. Brigham,
C.P. Halliday MC, J.V.Webb.
B Company: Captain J. Hassell, 2/Lts A.W. Stark, A.T. Corcoran,
E. Cain.
C Company: Captain P. Lambert, 2/Lts T.S. Goode, G.W. Asquith,
C.S. Allen.
D Company: Captain H.R. Forde MC, 2/Lts J.N. Ellis, R.D. Abbiss.
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The following casualties were sustained:
Killed: Captain H.R. Forde MC, 2/Lt J.N. Ellis.
Died of wounds: 2/Lts R.D. Abbiss, A.T. Corcoran.
Wounded: 2/Lts H.J. Knight, H.L. Brigham, C.P. Halliday MC,
J.V.Webb, A.W. Stark, Captain P. Lambert, 2/Lts T.S. Goode, C.S.
Allen, 2/Lt J.S. Wilson (attached to 97th Trench Mortar Battery).
Missing: 2/Lts G.W. Asquith, E. Cain.
Major H.W. Boddington acted as Liaison Officer with the Headquarters
of the 25th Infantry Brigade.
The casualties amongst other ranks were as follows: Killed:
18; died of wounds 5; wounded 120; missing 41.
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This
is an extract from the Battalion war diary which is held at the
Public Record Office, in document WO95/2402. This
history is in memory of 12777 Private Harold Cox, who was killed
in action during the attack. Harold is commemorated on the Tyne
Cot memorial to the Missing. |
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