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Second Action of Givenchy, 15-16 June
1915 |
21st
Brigade is ordered to attack |
The
7th
Division moved into the Givenchy sector shortly
after their costly involvement in the Aubers
Ridge and Festubert
assaults. It proved to be a very difficult line
to hold, being subject to constant mining, sniping
and trench mortar activity. A decision was taken
to make a large-scale attack on the German front
between a point East of Givenchy to just South
of Rue d'Ouvert, to capture some key points. The
21st Brigade was selected to lead the attack,
with two battalions in the front wave. On their
right, the Canadians were to attack a strong point
called 'Dorchester' and forming a defensive flank
near the Canal; on their left, the 51st
(Highland) Division would move on Rue d'Ouvert
from the North. To maintain contact between the
main thrusts, the 1st Grenadier Guards of 20th
Brigade would advance over the flat ground towards
the village. After several postponements, the
attack was fixed for the evening of June 15th,
1915.
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Why
here, why now? |
Joffre
was planning to renew the attack in Artois on
2nd June 1915; the British would need to support
by making a flank attack near Haisnes or Loos.
However the Loos battlefield was dominated from
the high ground near Violaines north of the La
Bassée Canal. It was decided that IV Corps
under Rawlinson would attack on the front between
Chapelle St Roch and Rue d'Ouvert, on 11th June,
with the intention of seizing these heights. The
action was postponed as it was learned that the
French would not be ready for their attack until
the 16th June.
Large-scale
map of operations of the First Army during May
and June, 1915.
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The
attack was a complete failure |
| The
infantry assault was preceded by 48 hours slow
bombardment, aimed at destroying trenches and
wire; a heavier 12-hour fire would precede the
actual attack. Great attention was paid to air
co-operation and observation, largely to ensure
economy of use of ammunition. The infantry advanced
at 5.58pm, just after the miners of the 176th
Tunnelling Company RE had blown a 3000-lb mine
under the Duck's Bill position.
The
German line in this area was formidable, with
very deep trenches and dugouts that the weak British
bombardment (not helped by poor observation through
long grass and poor light) barely touched.
Even before the artillery fire lifted, once the
Germans saw the 2nd Yorkshires and 2nd Wiltshires
advancing they manned the parapets. Machine gun
and rifle fire cut down most of the attacking
troops. The attack was a complete failure, despite
the enormous bravery and dash of the 21st Brigade.
The 2nd Yorks, on the right in front of Givenchy,
lost heavily in the crossing of no man's land:
of A Company's 5 officers and 170 men who attacked,
only 40 were not hit. Of B Company, 1 officer
and 31 men escaped, of 5 and 180 who went over.
Even so, some men of A Coy under 2/Lt. Belcher
got into the German front line, but without support
could not hold on. Captain Raley and most of his
B Coy were hit before they got away from their
own parapet.
On the left of the Yorks advance, a small party
under 2/Lt. Lloyd Jones bombed their way towards
the mine crater down a sunken lane, but eventually
every one of this party became a casualty. The
2nd Wiltshires did not even get as far as the
Yorks, only a few men getting even as far as 50
yards from the German line in front of Chapelle
St. Roch. The Canadians and Highlanders suffered
similarly. 7th Divisional HQ ordered 21st Brigade
to renew the attack, with the 2nd Bedfords to
strengthen the Wilts and Yorks. However, once
it was realised that these battalions were in
no condition to continue, they were relieved by
the 2nd Royal Scots Fusiliers and Bedfords respectively.
The relief took a long time due to congestion
in the communication, support and front trenches,
and new attack was postponed from 1.30am to 5.30am
and then to the afternoon of the 16th June.
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If
at first you don't succeed ... |
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pattern of the second attack was similar. The
Canadians would once again go for 'Dorchester',
the RSF on the Brigade right, and the Bedfords
on the left. Brigade machine guns at Windy Corner
and Le Plantin would give supporting indirect
fire. The attack began at 4.45pm, after a thin
British barrage throughout the day which ceased
two minutes before the infantry attack, giving
the Germans plenty of time once again to man the
parapet. The results were the same: more than
half of the attacking companies of the RSF were
down before they even got through their own wire.
In one section, five out of thirteen men were
hit while still in their own trench. The CO, Major
J.H.W.Pollard, called off the attack immediately.
The Bedfords did slightly better, some men getting
into the crater and inflicted heavy losses on
the Germans there. Those would could do so crawled
back during the night, and reported that during
the attack the Germans had been two or three deep
in their front trench, with those at the back
acting as loaders for those firing.
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The
price of the learning curve |
The
22nd Brigade relieved the 21st at Givenchy
during the night of 17th/18th. The loss
of over 1000 officers and men, mostly
regulars (many returned from wounds received
at Ypres) and ex-regular reservists, was
to prove costly both in the effort of
assimilating and training new drafts and
in subsequent fighting. The 21st Brigade
had now been over the top three times
in four months, following their reconstruction
after the devastation of First Ypres only
five months before. The burden was falling
heavily indeed on the regular army Divisions;
the learning curve was proving to be all
too expensive.
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| Casualties
incurred |
Killed
or missing |
Wounded |
| Units
of 21st Brigade |
Officers |
Men |
Officers |
Men |
| 2nd
Bedfords
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5 |
45 |
2 |
72 |
| 2nd
Yorkshires |
6 |
158 |
5 |
250 |
| 2nd
Royal
Scots Fusiliers |
4 |
73 |
2 |
127 |
| 1/4th
Cameron
Highlanders |
0 |
20 |
3 |
35 |
| 2nd
Wiltshires |
4 |
72 |
5 |
128 |
| Total
1016 |
19 |
368 |
17 |
612 |
| William
Utting, of the 1/4th Loyal North Lancs,
was wounded in this action. See
his story here. |
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