| What
happened? The
Battle of Loos - 25th September to 19th October 1915 |
| 25
September 1915 - Morning |
| At
1.20pm the reserve XI Corps can finally
inform Haig that it is now under his orders. Embarrassed at how
late is their arrival at the battle front, he is forced to deploy
the two Divisions piecemeal to support the units already in action.
The plan had been to use them as a whole. |
| 25
September 1915 - Afternoon and evening - Loos area |
|
47th
(London) Division continued to consolidate the positions it had won
at the Double Crassier and Loos Crassier, and was ready
as ordered to meet any counter-attack that might be delivered from the
South.
15th
(Scottish) Division was in some difficulty, despite having
succeeded in capturing Loos itself. Men were helplessly pinned
down on the forward slope of Hill 70, and the artillery
support that had been called for since 10.50am
was only just beginning to happen. The enemy made a determined
attempt - having reinforced this area - to envelop the troops
lying out in the open and to force them towards the second German
line. A larger effort was made by the enemy at noon,
initially near the Dynamitiere buildings near Loos, but
having an energising effect on all German troops of 178 Regiment
in the area of Cite St Laurent, who rushed forward and
with great gallantry recaptured the height of Hill 70.
Noon.
The French Tenth Army opens it's bombardment South Of Lens. 12.45am
the French infantry attack - six hours after the British - between Angres
and Arras.
German
commanders prepare all available reserves to meet this threat, and further
efforts to counterattack against the British are halted. They consolidate
the hard-won position on Hill 70.
46th
Brigade sends forward it's last battalion, the 6/Camerons,
to support the left flank of the Division, which was exposed and weak
due to the failure of the 1st Division to advance. By 12.30am they have
established a line from Chalk Pit Wood to Chalet Wood, with
machine-gun posts on the Lens - La Bassee road. 45th Brigade sent
two battalions into Loos with a view to recapturing Hill 70, but without
artillery support, and under constant German fire this ambition was impractical.
They dug in at Loos. Supplies to this area were most difficult, the roads
being blocked by a chaos of dead men and horsrs, and destroyed vehicles.
3.00pm
8/East Yorkshires and 10/Yorkshire
of 62nd Brigade, 21st Division, are ordered forward towards Loos,
to reinforce the units of 15th Division and if necessary retake Hill 70.
After coming under shrapnel fire as they marched in column of fours -
which destroyed their transport - these battalions lost direction and
ran into intensive machine gun fire from the Southern end of Chalk
Pit Copse, sustaining very heavy casualties. Other reserves of 21st
Division - expected by Division to have been available at 10.30am
- finally arrived at 7.30pm, and were clearly
exhausted. They were ordered to reinforce the line between Hill 70 and
Puits 14 bis. Around 8.30pm, the remnants
of the first waves that had attacked in the morning were finally relieved
on the slopes on Hill 70.
Nightfall
therefore saw both Divisions in this sector in scratch positions between
the old German first and second lines, consolidating their position. The
enemy was in possession once again of the dominant height of Hill 70.
A German attack in the night against the 7/Royal
Scots Fusiliers, on the Eastern side of the Loos Crassier was repulsed.

|
| 25
September 1915 - Afternoon and evening - Hulluch area |
|
The
attack of 1st Division had met with
such intensive enemy fire that by 10.55am
it was effectively halted. By 1.15pm,
it had been decided at Divisional HQ to leave only a screen of
men holding their existing positions, and to move remaining men
of 2nd Brigade (reinforced now by 1/Gloucesters)
South to exploit 15th Division's success and attack the enemy
from the flank and rear. 2/Welch,
coming up in support at 11.00am,
crossed no man's land unobserved and managed to arrive in Gun
Trench with few losses. They expected to find the 2/Royal
Munster Fusiliers there, but the latter had suffered heavy
casualties. The Welch moved to their right, into the valley behind
where the enemy was so stoutly defending against the attacks of
2nd Brigade. At this time, the enemy launched a counter-attack
against 1st Brigade, but it was easily repulsed. By 2.30pm
the Welch approached the Lone Tree - Hulluch track. The Germans
- 400 men of 157th Regiment - now found themselves almost surrounded
and surrendered. 2nd Brigade and the units that had been attached
were now able to advance, but losses were such that only 1,500
men were able to do so. By 5.20pm
they had reached the Lens road near Bois Hugo, in touch with 15th
Division, where they dug in.
By
nightfall, although 2nd Brigade was in touch with 15th Division and 1st
Brigade with 7th Division, there was a gap in the line of some 1500 yards
between them (although the significance of this does not appear to have
concerned 1st Divisional HQ and it was not reported to IV Corps). There
were insufficient men of the Division left to fill the gap, following
the terrible losses that this formation suffered in the day.

At 12.40am
First Army ordered the reserve 3rd
Cavalry Division to advance through the infantry; the Divisional CO,
Major-General Briggs had by now ascertained that the actual situation
was not as favourable as Army believed, and he informed Haig that he would
wait until it was. 2.35pm sees Haig ordering
the two reserve infantry Divisions of XI Corps to push forward
at once between Hulluch and Cite St Auguste, to secure the passages of
the Haute Deule Canal. The Corps and Divisional HQ's were given
no indication that the enemy was anything but defeated and breaking. It
was not until 5.00pm that these orders were
given to the attacking Brigades. An hour later, not all battalions were
in position. At least one experienced such delay that the men went without
a meal of any kind before going into battle. By now it was getting dark.
First Army ordered the Brigades not to advance beyond the Lens-La Bassee
road that night, but these amended orders did not reach the forward units
until 2.00am - by which time many of their men were dead.
7th
Division had halted in and around Gun Trench and the Quarries after
it's initial advance, unable to penetrate uncut wire in front of Hulluch
under fire from Cite St Elie. Divisional artillery was ordered to shell
the latter and its defences until 4.00pm.
Unfortunately observers
reported that the damage done was not sufficient to justify continuing
the attack. At 7.05pm orders were received
from I Corps to consolidate.
|
| 25
September 1915 - Afternoon and evening - Auchy area |
|
The
attack of 9th (Scottish) Division
had by mid-morning succeeded in reaching and occupying the enemy
trench network around the Hohenzollern Redoubt and Fosse
8, and also Pekin Trench. At 1.00pm,
the 73rd Brigade of 24th Division
was ordered to reinforce Fosse 8, as it was believed that any
loss of position here would seriously endanger the troops ar Pekin
Trench. In addition, six field batteries RFA were ordered forward
to positions South-West of the Redoubt, where they came into action
at 4.30pm. During the afternoon,
the garrison of Pekin Trench came under heavy shellfire, and German
infantry began a bombing attack, starting at the Haisnes-Auchy
road and working Southwards while others worked North from Cite
Trench. Despite being reinforced by the 6/Royal
Scots Fusiliers, the superiority of German grenades soon told,
and the position was gradually retaken. By 5.00pm,
half of it had been lost, and the remaining men were ordered to
withdraw in the dark. Unfortunately many returned as far as the
original German front line, leaving a very confused picture around
Fosse Alley, which became the new British front line. The
advanced field batteries were ordered back to the positions they
had left earlier in the day.

Therefore
by nightfall the Division held a more or less continuous line from North
of the Hulluch Quarries, where they were in touch with 7th Division, to
the Fosse 8 dump, round the Corons to Pekin, and with a left flank thrown
back facing Madagascar.
I
Corps staff were not dissatisfied with their days work: the advance
of 7th and 9th Division had in many areas broken through, and a good Division
moving up from reserve had every chance of pushing through the second
German line and beyond. They had been led to expect such a reinforcement,
and believe that it was required as early as 9.00am.
|
| 25
September 1915 - Afternoon and evening - canal area |
|
By
9.45am 19th and 6th Brigades
of 2nd Division had halted all further
efforts to move forward, after suffering heavy losses and ailing
to break into the German positions. The survivors of the 5th
Brigade were also back in their original trench at that time.
This front settled down to an uneasy period of consolidation.
|
| 25
September 1915 - Overall situation at Nightfall |
|
The
reserve 21st and 24th
Divisions moved by a night march into the Loos valley.
Progress was slow and exhausting (and these units had been on
the move constantly for several days already). Staff were unfamiliar
with the ground, communication trenches were flooded and packed
with men. Roads and tracks were jammed with transport going in
both directions. There were few bridges across shattered fore
trenches, and wire was still stretched across wide areas. Men
were carrying extra supplies, equipment, rations and ammunition.
At 1.20am, the Brigadiers of 24th
Division met to consider their actions for the next morning. The
Guards Division suffered similar disruption on moving up, arriving
at their billets in Noeux les Mines and Houchin
at 8.00pm only to find them already
occupied.

The
opportunities that had existed from mid-morning to noon has been lost.
Insufficient men had been available to exploit the areas where the assaulting
Brigades had broken into the enemy's trench systems. Strong German resistance
in their second line had brought further advance to a halt, despite their
attaentions being drawn to the very heavy French attack a few miles to
the South. The waether had closed in, and it was raining very heavily.
First
Army HQ had a very incomplete picture of the front-line sitaution, especially
the losses suffered. It was unaware that the Germans had reinforced the
area, and uninformed as to the progress and intentions of the French Tenth
Army some way to the South. Believing that the infantry had broken through
the area south of Hulluch, plans were made to continue the push forward
of the reserves, to exploit the situation. (As we have seen, however,
the reserves were deeply fatigued and were already being pushed piecemeal
into various areas to shore up the already-disjointed British defences).
Orders were sent out at 11.30pm for a general
renewal of the attack at 11.00am on 26th
September.
|
| 26
September 1915 - Morning - Click to continue |
| |
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