This Division began to form in Egypt in February 1916, after a decision to essentially duplicate the original AIF which had now withdrawn from Gallipoli. Delays in assembling the artillery meant that the Division could not depart for France before June 1916:

1916
The attack at Fromelles (a diversionary action to the Battles of the Somme 1916)

1917
Operations on the Ancre including the capture of the Thilloys
The advance to the Hindenburg Line
The Arras Offensive including the Battle of Bullecourt and actions on the Hindenburg Line
The Battle of Polygon Wood**
The First Battle of Passchendaele**
The Second Battle of Passchendaele**
The battles marked ** are phases of the Third Battle of Ypres

1918
The Australian Divisions were not affected by the restructuring of the army to having three brigades per Division, that took place in the British Divisions in February 1918.
The Battle of the Avre^
The actions of Villers-Bretonneux^
The battles marked ^ are phases of the First Battles of the Somme 1918
The Capture of Hamel
The Battle of Amiens
The Battle of Albert+
The Second Battle of Bapaume including the occupation of Peronne+
The battles marked + are phases of the Second Battles of the Somme 1918
The Battle of the St Quentin Canal and the capture of the Bellicourt tunnel defences (a phase of the Battles of the Hindenburg Line)

The Division was not selected to advance into Germany. Demobilisation commenced in late 1918 and in March 1919 the Division merged with 1st Australian Division.

The order of battle of the 5th Australian Division

8th Australian Brigade	joined in Egypt in December 1915
29th Bn, the Australian Infantry
30th Bn, the Australian Infantry
31st Bn, the Australian Infantry
32nd Bn, the Australian Infantry
8th Australian Machine Gun Company	left to move into 5th Australian MG Battalion February 1918
8th Australian Trench Mortar Battery	formed in France July 1916
14th Australian Brigade	formed in Egypt
53rd Bn, the Australian Infantry
54th Bn, the Australian Infantry
55th Bn, the Australian Infantry
56th Bn, the Australian Infantry
14th Australian Machine Gun Company	left to move into 5th Australian MG Battalion February 1918
14th Australian Trench Mortar Battery	formed in France July 1916
15th Australian Brigade	formed in Egypt
57th Bn, the Australian Infantry
58th Bn, the Australian Infantry
59th Bn, the Australian Infantry
60th Bn, the Australian Infantry
15th Australian Machine Gun Company	left to move into 5th Australian MG Battalion February 1918
15th Australian Trench Mortar Battery	formed in France July 1916
Divisional Troops	under direct command of Divisional HQ
5th Australian Pioneer Bn	formed in Egypt in March 1916
25th Australian Machine Gun Company	joined September 1917 left to move into 5th Australian MG Battalion February 1918
5th Australian Machine Gun Battalion	formed February 1918
5th Australian Divisional Train ASC	later titled 757, 758, 759 and 760 Companies
5th Australian Mobile Veterinary Section AVC
5th Australian Divisional Employment Company	joined January 1917
Divisional Mounted Troops	under direct command of Divisional HQ
C Sqn, 13th Australian Light Horse	joined March 1916, left July 1916
5th Australian Cyclist Company	left June 1916
Divisional Artillery
13th Australian Brigade, RFA
14th Australian Brigade, RFA
15th Australian Brigade, RFA	broken up January 1917
25th Australian (Howitzer) Brigade, RFA	absorbed in January 1917
5th Australian Divisional Ammunition Column
V.5.A Heavy Trench Mortar Battery RFA	formed July 1916, left February 1918
X.5.A, Y.5.A and Z.5.A Medium Mortar Batteries RFA	formed July 1916; in February 1918, Z broken up and batteries reorganised to have 6 x 6-inch weapons each
Royal Engineers
8th Australian Field Company
14th Australian Field Company
15th Australian Field Company
5th Australian Divisional Signals Company
Royal Army Medical Corps
8th Australian Field Ambulance
14th Australian Field Ambulance
15th Australian Field Ambulance